Bibliography of the Maurice Lamontagne Institute

Jacques-A. GAGNÉ

GAGNÉ, J.A., 2011. Zonal Science Advisory Process on the 13th Annual meeting of the Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program (AZMP), March 22 - 24, 2011, InterContinental Hotel Montreal, Quebec ; Processus consultatif scientifique zonal portant sur la 13e réunion annuelle du Programme de Monitorage de la Zone Atlantique (PMZA), du 22 au 24 mars 2011 Hôtel InterContinental, Montréal, Québec. DFO, Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat, Proceedings series, ; MPO, Secrétariat canadien de consultation scientifique, Série des comptes rendus, 2011/036, 48 p .

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DIONNE, S., J.A. GAGNÉ, D. GILBERT, C. ROULEAU, 2011. Processus consultatif scientifique régional sur l’examen du plan de suivi écologique de la zone de protection marine Estuaire du Saint-Laurent, 3-5 Mai 2011, Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, Mont-Joli, Qc ; Regional Science Advisory Process on the Review of the St. Lawrence Estuary Marine Protected Area Ecological Monitoring Plan, Mai 3-5, 2011, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Mont-Joli, Qc. MPO, Secrétariat canadien de consultation scientifique, Série des comptes rendus; DFO, Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat, Proceedings Series, 2011/037, 18 p .

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ROBERT, D., K. LÉVESQUE, J.A. GAGNÉ , FORTIER L., 2010. Change in prey selectivity during the larval life of Atlantic cod in the southern Gulf of St Lawrence. J. Plankton Res., 33(1): 195-200 .

This study describes the long-term seasonal and interannual variations in krill spawning using abundance of krill eggs collected during an on-going long-term monitoring program at an anchor station in the lower St Lawrence Estuary from 1992 to 2009 and data collected in the same region in 1979 to 1980. The longterm seasonal semi-monthly climatology in egg abundance revealed that krill generally reproduced during two periods, i.e. in late spring (mid-May to late June) and in late summer (August to mid-September), when phytoplankton biomass in the upper 50 m was greater than 75 mg chlorophyll a m22. The identification of krill eggs to the species level in 2007 revealed that Meganyctiphanes norvegica egg abundance was related to the biomass of phytoplankton averaged over the month prior to sampling, corresponding to the duration of one spawning cycle (two intermolt periods) known for this species. Overall krill egg abundance varied significantly between years, showing high abundance every 3–5 years with no long-term interannual trend. The annual mean egg abundance normalized for the duration of krill spawning showed the same interannual long-term pattern. Both egg abundance indices were independent of the annual phytoplankton biomass, indicating that interannual variations in krill spawning biomass would be the most likely candidate to explain interannual variability in egg abundance. We propose that such normalized annual egg abundance based on high-resolution seasonal sampling could be a useful index of interannual variations in krill spawning biomass which is otherwise difficult to sample.

BENOIT, D., Y. SIMARD, J. GAGNÉ, M. GEOFFROY, L. FORTIER, 2010. From polar night to midnight sun : photoperiod, seal predation, and the diel vertical migrations of Polar Cod (Boreogadus saida) under landfast ice in the Arctic Ocean. Polar Biol., 33(11): 1505-1520 .

The winter/spring vertical distributions of polar cod, copepods, and ringed seal were monitored at a 230-m station in ice-covered Franklin Bay. In daytime, polar cod of all sizes (7–95 g) formed a dense aggregation in the deep inverse thermocline (160–230 m, –1.0 to 0 °C). From December (polar night) to April (18-h daylight), small polar cod <25 g migrated into the isothermal cold intermediate layer (90–150 m, –1.4 °C) at night to avoid visual predation by shallow-diving immature seals. By contrast, large polar cod (25–95 g), with large livers, remained below 180 m at all times, presumably to minimize predation by deep-diving mature seals. The diel vertical migration (DVM) of small polar cod was precisely synchronized with the light/dark cycle and its duration tracked the seasonal lengthening of the photoperiod. The DVM stopped in May coincident with the midnight sun and increased schooling and feeding. We propose that foraging interference and a limited prey supply in the deep aggregation drove the upward re-distribution of small polar cod at night. The bioluminescent copepod Metridia longa could have provided the light needed by polar cod to feed on copepods in the deep aphotic layers.©2010 Springer

SIROIS, P., G. DIAB, A.-L. FORTIN, S. PLOURDE, J.A. GAGNÉ, N. MÉNARD, 2009. Recrutement des poissons dans le fjord du Saguenay;Fish recruitment in the Saguenay Fjord. Rev. Sci. Eau;J. Water Sci., 22(2): 341-352 .

In the Saguenay Fjord, the fish community is composed of more than 60 marine, diadromous and freshwater species, including many species exploited by the winter sport fishery such as the rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), redfish (Sebastes spp.), Atlantic cod (Cadus morhua), Greenland cod (Cadus ogac), and Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides). We do not know if the recruitment of the fish species exploited by the winter sport fishery depends on the local production of recruits in the Saguenay Fjord or on exchanges with the St. Lawrence Estuary populations. Hence, we measured the spado-temporal distribution ofichthyoplankton in the Fjord to identify zones of larval production, retention or advection, in order to investigate the recruitment mechanisms of these stocks. We sampled ichthyoplankton at 21 stations on six occasions, from May to October 2004, and on five occasions, from June to September 2005. Results indicated that the recruitment of capelin (Mallotus villosus) and of the anadromous rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) relied on the local production and retention oflarvae within the Fjord. However, the recruitment of redfish (Sebastes spp.) and cods (Cadus spp.) depended on the immigration of juveniles from the St. Lawrence Estuary. Our results are corroborated by a review of previous studies of these fish populations. Studying the recruitment mechanisms of fish populations in the Saguenay Fjord supports a sustainable exploitation of these locally important fisheries resources, in accordance with the mission of Fisheries and Oceans Canada and consistent with the conservation program of the Saguenay St. Lawrence Marine Park.©2009 RSE inc.

CYR, C. (éd.), H. BOURDAGES (éd.), GAGNÉ, J.A. (président), 2008. Évaluations de l'oursin vert de la Côte-Nord de l'estuaire du Saint-Laurent en 2008, 16 octobre 2008, Institut Maurice-Lamontagne ; Assessments of the green sea urchin stock of north shore of the St. Lawrence estuary in 2008, October 16 2008, Maurice Lamontagne Institute. MPO, Secrétariat canadien de consultation scientifique, Série des comptes rendus ; DFO, Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat, Proceedings Series, 2008/026, 16 p .

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This document contains the proceedings from the meeting held within the regional assessment process to review the status of the Green Sea Urchin stock of the north shore of the St. Lawrence estuary following the 2008 fishing season. The meeting was held on October 16, 2008 at the Maurice Lamontagne Institute in Mont-Joli. During this meeting, the assembly reviewed the stock status of the green sea urchin commercially along the North Shore as well as some environmental conditions that prevailed during the last fishing seasons. Therefore, these proceedings contain the essential parts of the presentations and discussions and relate the main recommendations and conclusions that were presented during the review.

LACOSTE, K.N., J. MUNRO, M. CASTONGUAY, F.J. SAUCIER, J.A. GAGNÉ, 2001. The influence of tidal streams on the pre-spawning movements of Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus L., in the St. Lawrence estuary. ICES J. Mar. Sci., 58: 1286-1298 .

GAGNÉ, J.A., 1999. Proceedings of the National Marine Mammal Review Committee, Montreal, Quebec, February 1-5, 1999. DFO, Canadian Stock Assessment Proceedings Series, 99/14 .

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DFO's National Marine Mammal Review Committee (NMMRC) met in Montreal from February 1 to 5 to address various issues on seals and whales from the Atlantic, Arctic and Pacific oceans. Thirty two participants discussed and evaluated research reports and provided specific advice on several topics. Three were invited experts from outside Canada while the others were from Canadian and provincial governments, the Fisheries and Research Conservation Council, The Nunavut Wildlife Management Board, The Makivik Society, sealing communities and two private research groups (Groupe de Recherche et d'Éducation sur le Milieu Marin and International Marine Mammal Association). The agenda, list of participants and documents tabled at the meeting are presented in annexes I to III.

GAGNÉ, J.A., 1999. Mammifères marins du Canada : quelques faits saillants. Naturaliste can., 123(3): 69 .

GAGNÉ, J.A., 1999. Compte rendu : atelier de travail sur les sites d'intérêt identifiés en vue de la désignation d'éventuelles zones de protection marines pilotes tenu à Mont-joli (Québec), les 15 et 16 septembre 1998. DFO, Canadian Stock Assessment Proceedings Series, 99/22 .

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DFO's National Marine Mammal Review Committee (NMMRC) met in Halifax on 30 November 1998 to review some issues on grey and harp seals in Eastern Canada. This was immediately followed by a four-day international workshop to access ways of incorporating estimates of fish consumption by seal into Canadian Atlantic groundfish stock assessments. This report briefly summarises both meetings.

MUNRO, J., D. GAUTHIER, J.A. GAGNÉ, 1998. Description d'une frayère de hareng (Clupea harengus L.) à l'île aux Lièvres, dans l'estuaire moyen du Saint-Laurent. Rapp. tech. can. sci. halieut. aquat., 2239, 34 p .

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Several sampling operations with a grab, by diving and by underwater video, from May 31 to June 23, 1987, allowed us to localize a herring spawning ground on the north-west side of the upstream tip of l'île aux Lièvres in the St. Lawrence estuary. The spawning ground had a length of approximately 1600 m and a width varying between 50 and 250 m, covering an area of about 285,900 m² between the 0 and 5 m depth contours. The substrate consisted mainly of gravel and pebbles; macrophytic algae (Odonthalia dentata, Phycodrys rubens) were abundant and the tidal current velocity exceeded at times 1.5 m.s^-1. Examination of the development stage of the eggs and of oceanographic data indicated that the spawning in 1987 may have taken place between the 21st and 24th of May and that hatching peaked between the 9th and 12th of June. Mean proportion of dead eggs was low before and throughout hatching (13%) and increased considerably after hatching (53%). Total number of eggs was estimated at 1.65.10¹², corresponding to approximately 94.8 million spawners or a biomass of 14,321 t.

DUTIL, J.-D., M. CASTONGUAY, M.O. HAMMILL, P. OUELLET, Y. LAMBERT, D. CHABOT, H. BROWMAN, D. GILBERT, A. FRÉCHET, J.-A. GAGNÉ, D. GASCON, L. SAVARD, 1998. Environmental influences on the productivity of cod stocks : some evidence for the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence, and required changes in management practices. DFO, Canadian Stock Assessment Secretariat, Research Document, 98/18, 42 p .

SAVARD, L., J.-A. GAGNÉ, 1997. L'état des ressources marines de l'estuaire et du golfe du Saint-Laurent. Pages 141-153 in L. Lauzon, H. Dion & C.E. Delisle (éd.). Le Saint-Laurent pour la vie : actes du 21e congrès de l'Association des biologistes du Québec (Collection Environnement de l'Université de Montréal, 23) .

GILBERT, M., D. GAUTHIER, J.A. GAGNÉ, Y. GRATTON, P. LAROUCHE, B. MORIN, R. MORIN, J.A. PERCY, T.G. SMITH, G.-H. TREMBLAY, G. WALSH, 1996. Hypothèses reliées aux effets environnementaux du projet Grande Baleine sur l'écosystème marin côtier du sud-est de la baie d'Hudson. Rapp. tech. can. sci. halieut. aquat., 2127, 67 p .

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The possible realization of the Grande Baleine hydroelectric development project could have significant biophysical impacts on the coastal marine environment of southeastern Hudson Bay.This document presents the results of discussions held within a working group composed of scientific personnel of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans - Laurentian Region that defined, in the form of hypotheses and research proposals, the environmental aspects related to the realization of the Grande Baleine hydroelectric project. These aspects mainly concern the physical, chemical, and biological oceanography of southeastern Hudson Bay as well as the biology of some important species of fish and marine mammals inhabiting this region. A brief description of the actual and planned hydroelectric developments in the hydrographic basin of James and Hudson bays, as well as a synthesis of ongoing research activities and knowledge acquired to date on the marine environment of this region, are also presented.

CAMPANA, S.E., J.A. GAGNÉ, 1994. Differentiation of 4T and 4Vs cod using otolith elemental fingerprints. MPO, Pêches de l'Atlantique, Document de recherche, 94/27, 14 p .

Trace elements incorporated into the growing surface of the fish otolith (ear stone) are derived primarily from the surrounding water, thus reflecting the composition of the ambient environment. Since otoliths grow continuously throughout the life of the fish and otolith material is not resorbed after deposition, fish populations growing up in different water masses should produce otoliths of differential elemental composition. The otolith elemental composition ("fingerprint") determined with a particularly accurate form of ICPMS proved to be an effective discriminator of adjacent cod stocks, with a jackknifed classification accuracy of 100 % between the main body of the NAFO Division 4T stock (western component) and NAFO Sub-division 4Vs. Samples from the eastern portion of 4T differed significantly from those of western 4T, suggesting that cod within the gulf of St. Lawrence do not necessarily form a unit stock. Classifications of samples collected from the 4Vs winter fishery near the Stone Fence (4Vsc) indicated a high preponderance of eastern Gulf fish, and the virtual absence of western Gulf fish. If the seasonal 4T cod migration out of the Gulf is limited by distance, cod from easter 4T and 4Vn may migrate considerably further into 4Vs than do cod from the western 4T. The validity of unit stock status for the 4Vn (May-Dec.) cod management unit is open to question.

ROBINEAU, B., J.A. GAGNÉ, L. FORTIER, A. VILLENEUVE, 1993. Co-distribution of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium excavatum and fish larvae in the northwest Gulf of St. Lawrence. Pages 323-327 in T.J. Smayda & Y. Shimizu (ed.). Toxic phytoplankton blooms in the sea. Elsevier .

PONTON, D., J.A. GAGNÉ, L. FORTIER, 1993. Production and dispersion of freshwater, anadromous and marine fish larvae in and around a river plume in subarctic Hudson Bay, Canada. Polar Biol., 13: 321-331 .

BRADFORD, R.G., J.A. GAGNÉ, 1992. Juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence. Page 92 in Y. De Lafontaine, T. Lambert, G.R. Lilly, W.D. McKone & R.J. Miller (ed.). Juvenile stages : the missing link in fisheries research : report of a workshop. DFO (Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 1890) .

KOUTSIKOPOULOS, C., L. FORTIER, J.A. GAGNÉ, 1991. Cross-shelf dispersion of Dover sole (Solea solea) eggs and larvae in Biscay Bay and recruitment to inshore nurseries. J. Plankton Res., 13: 923-945 .

GAGNÉ, J.A., J. LAMBERT, F. MONGEAU, L. FORTIER, 1991. Population dynamics of herring in the St. Lawrence Estuary : a test of the Member/Vagrant hypothesis. Pages 103-106 in Proceedings of the International Herring Symposium, Anchorage, Alaska, USA, October 23-25, 1990. University of Alaska, Alaska Sea Grant College Program (Alaska Sea Grant report, 91-01) .

ROBINEAU, B., J.A. GAGNÉ, L. FORTIER, A.D. CEMBELLA, 1991. Potential impact of a toxic dinoflagellate (Alexandrium excavatum) bloom on survival of fish and crustacean larvae. Mar. Biol., 108: 293-301 .

LEGENDRE, L., K. JUNNIPER, D. BOOTH, A. CEMBELLA, Y. DE LAFONTAINE, J. GAGNÉ, W.G. HARRISON, S. ROY, B. SAINTE-MARIE, A. SINCLAIR, R. TRITES, A.F. VÉZINA, 1991. Report of the Workshop on Biological Oceanography. Pages 23-30 in J.-C. Therriault (ed.). The Gulf of St. Lawrence : small ocean or big estuary ? Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans (Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 113) .

ROBINEAU, B., L. FORTIER, J.A. GAGNÉ, A.D. CEMBELLA, 1991. Comparison of the response of five larval fish species to the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium excavatum (Braarud) Balech. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 152: 225-242 .

LEGENDRE, L., K. JUNNIPER, D. BOOTH, A. CEMBELLA, Y. DE LAFONTAINE, J. GAGNÉ, W.G. HARRISON, S. ROY, B. SAINTE-MARIE, A. SINCLAIR, R. TRITES, A.F. VÉZINA, 1991. Rapport de l'atelier de travail sur l'océanographie biologique. Pages 23-30 in J.-C. Therriault (éd.). Le golfe du Saint-Laurent : petit océan ou grand estuaire? Ministère des pêches et des océans (Publ. spéc. can. sci. halieut. aquat., 113) .

MERTZ, G., Y. GRATTON, J.A. GAGNÉ, 1990. Properties of unstable waves in the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary. Atmos.-Ocean, 28: 230-240 .

GAGNÉ, J.A., M. SINCLAIR, 1990. Marine fisheries resources and oceanography of the St. Lawrence Estuary. Pages 358-377 in M.I. El-Sabh & N. Silverberg (ed.). Oceanography of a large scale estuarine system : the St. Lawrence. Springer-Verlag, Berlin (Coastal and Estuarine Studies, 39) .

FORTIER, L., J.A. GAGNÉ, 1990. Larval herring (Clupea harengus) dispersion, growth, and survival in the St. Lawrence Estuary : match/mismatch or membership/vagrancy?. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 47: 1898-1912 .

LAROCQUE, R., J.A. GAGNÉ, 1990. Algues microscopiques et intoxication des mollusques. L'Euskarien, 12(2): 45-48 .

GOSSELIN, S., L. FORTIER, J.A. GAGNÉ, 1989. Vulnerability of marine fish larvae to the toxic dinoflagellate Protogonyaulax tamarensis. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 57: 1-10 .

GAGNÉ, J.A., D. LEFAIVRE, 1988. Recruitment research in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Northern Quebec. Pages 116-141 in M. Sinclair, J.T. Anderson, M. Chadwick, J. Gagné, W.D. McKone, J.C. Rice & D. Ware (ed.). Report from the National Workshop on Recruitment. Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans (Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 1626) .

SINCLAIR, M., J.T. ANDERSON, M. CHADWICK, J.A. GAGNÉ, W.D. McKONE, J.C. RICE, D. WARE (ed.), 1988. Report from the National Workshop on Recruitment, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Center, St. John's, Newfoundland, February, 23-25, 1988. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 1626, 261 p .

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Contents: 1) Historical sketch on recruitment research; 2) Oceanic factors affecting the distribution and recruitment of West Coast fisheries; 3) A review of recruitment related studies and relevant physical oceanography programs recently undertaken by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans in the Newfoundland and Scotia-Fundy Region; 4) Recruitment research in the Gulf of St. Lawrence; 5) Recruitment studies - Central and Arctic Region; 6) Quantitative methods in recruitment; 6) An overview of alternative methods for forecasting recruitment.

GRATTON, Y., G. MERTZ, J.A. GAGNÉ, 1988. Satellite observations of tidal upwelling and mixing in the St. Lawrence Estuary. J. Geophys. Res. (C Oceans), 93(C6): 6947-6954 .

CAMPANA, S.E., J.A. GAGNÉ, J. MUNRO, 1987. Otolith microstructure of larval herring (Clupea harengus) : image or reality?. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 44: 1922-1929 .

GAGNÉ, J.A., K.H. MANN, 1987. Evaluation of four models to estimate kelp productivity from growth measurements. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 37: 35-44 .